RF and Asian Cities

Via MCONET:

Foundation to help Asian cities endure global warming

The Rockefeller Foundation President recently came to Thailand on many occasions, one of which concerned the 70-billion US dollar “Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network” project.

According to its President, Dr. Judith Rodin, the Rockefeller Foundation is now planning an experiment to help Asian cities endure global warming instead of stopping it.

Climate change, which has already occurred, will lead to flooding, drought and the water systems in recent health risks like dengue fever.

“We will continue to fund grantees that advocate for the issues that we care deeply about in agricultural productivity and food security in climate change resilience and mitigation in assuring better health for all more heatlh equity,” said Rockefeller Foundation President  Dr. Judith Rodin.

Let alone the foundation’s project, Dr. Rodin added the issues focused on were also dependent on governments to play a key role through their policies and investment.

Meanwhile, main criteria have been set to decide which cities will come under the project, while a final decision on the cities will be made within 2009.

The criteria are governments’ willingness and eagerness to do risk assessment and vulnerability planning and capacity building, while cities predicted to have high growth in urbanisation and those shown to have the greatest vulnerability to occurring climate change also count.

"There’s an ASEAN initiative that is going to link capital cities and we’ll be working closely with that. So this is really an effort to maximise all of these various initiatives and dramatically increase both learning and the capacity," said Dr. Rodin.
 
Dr. Rodin said all of the learning from the experimental cities would be made available to other networks including other cities like a mega city of Bangkok.

Regarding the current world recession’s impact on climate change, Dr. Rodin also voiced her opinion.

"The financial crisis will present a tremendous opportunity because many nations around the world will be investing in economic stimulus packages," said Dr. Rodin.

While the Rockefeller Foundation was working on new innovations to present more opportunity during the economic crisis, Dr. Rodin said, many conversations on economic stimulus packages were now being held, including on jobs, investment, alternative energy and other climate-friendly issues.

With such cooperation from concerned parties, there’s hope for our environment to go hand in hand with our economy. (TNA)

decongesting manila

This was Econmist Benjie Diokno's latest column in BusinessWorld.

He reports back from the findings of WDR2009 and argues that "Decongesting Manila by creating new government centers in other cities is "ill-advised and a waste of public funds" and echoes the report that says "it makes more sense to increase economic activity in the metropolis rather than to disperse it around in the country."

I totally agree with the report, particularly with this quotable:

"In places urbanizing rapidly, government must put in place, in addition to institutions, connective infrastructure so that the benefits of rising economic density are more widely shared.

"In places, where urbanization has advanced, in addition to institutions and infrastructure, targeted interventions maybe necessary to deal with slums. But these interventions will not work unless institutions for land and basic services are reasonable effective and transport facilities is in place." (-emphasis mine, UDC)

Full text of the article below:

Decongesting Metro Manila is one of the government's top priorities. The idea is to allow people to work within the metropolis while living in nearby provinces. As part of this program, five major departments will be transferred to new government centers that will be developed in different parts of the country. Such moves are ill-advised and a waste of public funds, going by the prescriptions from the World Development Report 2009 (WDR 2009), entitled Reshaping Economic Geography.

Recall that in her 2008 State-of-the-Nation Address (SONA), Mrs. Arroyo said that preparations for the development of new government centers had started through the transfer of various departments to areas outside Metro Manila. These are: Department of Agriculture to Davao City; Department of Public Works and Highways to Bicol; Department of Tourism to Cebu City; Department of Land Reform to Iloilo City; and Department of Transportation and Communication to Clark.

Metro Manila accounts for a third of the Philippines' economic output. But World Bank economists see nothing wrong with this unbalanced growth. They argue that despite having a high population of 12 million and high incidence of poverty, it makes more sense to increase economic activity in the metropolis rather than to disperse it around in the country.

The report's main message is that economic growth will be unbalanced. "To try to spread out economic activity is to discourage it. But development can still be inclusive, in that even people who start their lives far away from economic opportunity can benefit from the growing concentration of wealth in a few places. The way to get both the benefits of uneven growth and inclusive development is through economic integration."

The report clarifies what economic integration is. "It means one thing to integrate rural and urban areas, and slums with other parts of the cities. It means yet another to integrate isolated and well-connected countries. These notions of economic integration are central to three debates in development - urbanization, territorial development, and international integration."

On urbanization, the report recognizes that each area within a nation has a specific geography, but argues that the principles are quite universal.

"In places mostly rural, governments should be as neutral as possible and should establish the institutional foundation for possible urbanization in some places. Good land policies are central, and so are policies to provide basic social services to everyone."

"In places urbanizing rapidly, government must put in place, in addition to institutions, connective infrastructure so that the benefits of rising economic density are more widely shared.

"In places, where urbanization has advanced, in addition to institutions and infrastructure, targeted interventions maybe necessary to deal with slums. But these interventions will not work unless institutions for land and basic services are reasonable effective and transport facilities is in place."

These principles can also reshape the debate on regional development. The report says that: "the tools of geography can identify which places are poor - the lagging areas - and where most of the poor live. Often, the two are not the same, because the poor have the most reason to move from poor places."

Governments, the WDR argues, can adopt policies to integrate areas within nations, while reducing poverty everywhere. Lagging or poor areas have one thing in common: they are economically far from places that are doing well. But the economic geography of lagging areas is not the same. In some countries, lagging areas, such as China, are sparsely populated; in others, lagging areas, such as Brazil, are densely populated but domestic mobility is not difficult; and in others, lagging areas, such as India, are densely populated but people find it difficult to migrate.

In lagging areas that are sparsely populated, "what makes more sense is to provide basic services everywhere, even if it costs more to reach these distant areas. Encouraging mobility of people is the priority, and institutions that make land markets work better and provide security, schools, streets, and sanitation should be the mainstay of integration policy."

In lagging areas that are densely populated but where mobility is not difficult, both institutions and infrastructure to connect these areas to places that are doing well are necessary for economic integration.

But in lagging areas that are densely populated but where mobility is difficult, the report concludes that: "institutions and infrastructure could be complemented by incentives to producers to local in these lagging states. But these incentives should be carefully designed to avoid offsetting the unifying effects of common institutions and connective infrastructure. A promising possibility is providing incentives to agriculture and allied activities that are appropriate for states that are mostly rural."

There are many policy lessons that may be learned from the report's findings and recommendations. First, it casts serious doubts on the government priority plans to decongest Metro Manila which includes transferring the DAR, DPWH, DOT, DAR, and DOTC to cities in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Abandoning this plan may provide significant benefit for government workers whose families would have to go through severe adjustment costs. But it is a major setback for the land speculators and contractors and suppliers who would have been favored by the transfer.

Second, the results of the study provides strong arguments against proposals to create more special economic zones in various parts of the country. It could be argued that at present there is already an oversupply of such economic zones. While the economic benefits are fuzzy, these economic zones are costly to develop and maintain - and they enlarge the leaks in an already leaky tax.

Third, it puts pressure on policy makers and administrators to be serious about fiscal equalization especially for social services. Support for access to basic education and basic health care should be more or less equal for every Filipino everywhere - whether in rural communities or urban centers, lagging or leading regions.

Fourth, good governance matters. Institutions should be developed at all the national and subnational levels. Fiscal resources should be properly allocated, projects implemented effectively and in a transparent way, and beneficiaries carefully targeted. The prescriptions apply to both the central government and the 45,000 local governments.

Decongestion
Benjamin E. Diokno
BusinessWorld
14 January 2009
BusinessWorld

Image credit:
The crowd and its silence
by vishy-washy

mag-aral ka, anak

from CEOsforCities

So, go get your college degree.

But make sure to walk through a park to give your brain a break.

National Land Use Committee

This came out in BusinessWorld the week before Christmas:

President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo has included the National Land Use Committee (NLUC) into the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Board to address the land-use issues among government agencies.

The directive was embodied in Executive Order 770 signed by Executive Secretary Eduardo R. Ermita on Dec. 1. It also amended Letter of Instruction 1350 which formed the NLUC in 1983.

"The NLUC, as a NEDA board committee, can advise the President and the NEDA Board on all matters concerning land use and physical planning; and decide and resolve land use policy conflicts between or among national government agencies," the order read.

"There is a need to provide for rational utilization and management of the country's land and other physical resources to ensure their optimum use consistent with the principles of sustainable development," it added.

The President noted that existing laws on land uses such as agrarian reform, protected areas, and ancestral domain and fisheries, forestry and mining "are sector specific and do not address crosscutting land use issues."

"Population growth and numerous development priorities such as food security, settlement development, industry and development, environmental protection and infrastructure continue to compete for limited resources," she added.

The order makes NLUC the highest policy-making body on land use.

The NLUC will be headed by the NEDA director-general and will consist of the secretaries of Environment, Agriculture, Agrarian Reform, Trade and Industry, Public Works, Tourism, Interior and Local Government, Justice, Science and Energy; the chairmen of the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council, and Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board, and the National Commission on the Indigenous Peoples; and two private sector representatives.

The NLUC was tasked to promote integrated use of land and physical planning policies and to resolve land use conflicts among agencies.

Alexis Douglas B. Romero

22 December 2008

BusinessWorld

Here's to hoping they understand urbanization.

Image by PHBascon

inspired by Manila

Rendering by Rafael Smith, via NYT

Above, the Uber Shelter - inspired by Manila.

Dismantled, the Über Shelter looks like a large gray gurney. But this compact pile of aluminum unfolds into a two-story home, complete with lights, stove, porch and a small refrigerator. Rafael Smith, a senior in the industrial design program at Purdue University, designed the Über Shelter for his undergraduate thesis project.

On a vacation in Manila the summer before he began the project, he was shocked by the crushing living conditions of those in poverty; when he got home, he began researching the architecture of shelters around the world. With no previous knowledge of refugee camps, he sought the advice of doctors, policy makers aid workers and a Sudanese refugee he met online.

In his computer-generated design, which was a finalist at the 2008 International Design Excellence Awards for students, Mr. Smith focuses on fixing some of the problems that have plagued large refugee camps. The model is meant to reduce sprawl. Because the shelter can hold two families, one on each floor, the camp size can be reduced by half, and he equips each home with solar-powered electricity. The unit, which unfurls to roughly the size of a truck, is made of lightweight recyclable aluminum, so it can be cheaply transported by car or parachuted in to a disaster area. Mr. Smith plans to refine his design before thinking about patents.

Though I don't recommend overly technical solutions Smith's effort is an example of the growing chorus of design professionals addressing the planet's most pressing needs, moving architecture and design from art into activism.

I am also inspired by indigenous solutions like Elisa Zaldivar's new building material for the poor made from plastic and loofah waste products.

Combining a melting unit, mixer, extruder and cutting unit, the machine can produce – in an hour – a half-metre-wide panel 120 metres long. Depending on the exact mix of plastics and fibres, as well as the thickness of the panel, the composite can have varying amounts of flexibility, weight and insulating qualities, making it adaptable to a variety of construction needs. Colouring can be included in the panel’s plastic mix at the time of fabrication, so there is no need to paint the walls after construction, saving homeowners time and money. Padrós says a panel of even greater strength can be created by using a honeycomb or earthen filler, as well as vegetable matter, to create a sandwich of two panels.

The composite panels are easier to handle than lumber or brick, and much better than conventional materials in an earthquake or other natural catastrophe. Combined with special metal connectors, “it will bend but not break”, Padrós says. And if a house does collapse, he says, someone is much more likely to survive if the walls are lighter in weight than conventional materials. And using the panels will help spare the nation’s forests. “Because we’re using fibres that are completely renewable, we can stop using lumber for construction. That’s very important in Paraguay because we’ve already reduced our original forest to less than ten per cent of Paraguay’s territory,” Zaldívar points out. “We’re running out of trees.”

by the people, for the people

Success in upgrading slums led by the people who live there:

The Baan Mankong Community Upgrading Program was launched by the Thai government in January 2003, as part of its efforts to address the housing problems of the country’s poorest urban citizens. The program channels government funds, in the form of extremely flexible infrastructure subsidies and soft housing and land loans, directly to poor communities, which collectively plan and carry out improvements to their housing, environment, basic services and tenure security, using budgets which they manage themselves. Instead of delivering housing units to individual poor families or bringing in a few standardized infrastructural improvements, the Baan Mankong Program (which means “Secure housing” in Thai) puts Thailand’s slum communities (and their community networks) at the center of a process of developing long-term, comprehensive solutions to problems of land and housing in Thai cities. Under this unconventional program, which is being implemented by the Community Organizations Development Institute (a public organization under the Ministry of Social Development and Human Security), poor communities develop their upgrading plans in close collaboration with their local governments, professionals, universities and NGOs.

...

Besides new houses and infrastructure in the community, the canal is also getting a face lift and a brand-new, tree-lined, 6-meter lane along its edge, built partly on the swampy edges where houses used to perch, and partly on land reclaimed by the District Authorities in the canal. This new canal-side walkway will provide access to the communities along the canal and enable fire-trucks to enter the slum in an emergency. Though it will be open to motorbikes and cycles, the community people see this walkway as an important pedestrian amenity, providing space for children to play, people to visit and vending carts to sell their food and wares.

Download the pdf (2.5mb) here (via the Asian Coalition for Housing Rights).

The world’s 10 best commutes

photo by AP

Forbes has listed the 10 best cities for commuters (via MSNBC)

Of course Metro Manila is not on the list - but it would be good to look to these cities for inspiration. And, hey, Mumbai, Chennai and Dakkar are on the list. There's hope because "dense cities perform particularly well ."

Quoteworthy:

The speed of transit not only benefits commuters; it contributes to a city's economic competitiveness. Outsourcing capitals like Chennai, which are heavily reliant on attracting informational technology companies, do well on our list due to the city's high investment rate in projects like the IT highway, and its MSRT mass transit rail system.

"Ease of urban mobility is a prerequisite for business to reach supplies and customers," says Maria Krautzberger, permanent secretary of the Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development. "Cities cannot secure their position in global networks otherwise."

Something for our policy makers and business leaders to think about.

on my reading list

Sorry folks. New job, new city and new baby (Luna Emilia -born Oct. 13, 2008) have been very demanding so have not had time to post or to answer comments.

In lieu of more nuanced thinking, I throw at you books and events I have been reading or have attended lately.

BOOKS

An utterly original exploration of the world of human waste that will surprise, outrage—and entertain

Produced behind closed doors, disposed of discreetly, and hidden by euphemism, bodily waste is something common to all and as natural as breathing, yet we prefer not to talk about it. But we should—even those of us who take care of our business in pristine, sanitary conditions. For it’s not only in developing countries that human waste is a major public health threat: population growth is taxing even the most advanced sewage systems, and the disease spread by waste kills more people worldwide every year than any other single cause of death. Even in America, 1.95 million people have no access to an indoor toilet. Yet the subject remains unmentionable.

The Big Necessity takes aim at the taboo, revealing everything that matters about how people do—and don’t—deal with their own waste. Moving from the deep underground sewers of Paris, London, and New York—an infrastructure disaster waiting to happen—to an Indian slum where ten toilets are shared by 60,000 people, Rose George stops along the way to explore the potential saviors: China’s five million biogas digesters, which produce energy from waste; the heroes of third world sanitation movements; the inventor of the humble Car Loo; and the U.S. Army’s personal lasers used by soldiers to zap their feces in the field.

With razor-sharp wit and crusading urgency, mixing levity with gravity, Rose George has turned the subject we like to avoid into a cause with the most serious of consequences.

One in every ten people lived in urban areas a century ago. Now, for the first time ever, most people live in cities. By 2050, the United Nations projects, almost three-quarters of the world's population will call urban areas home. The majority of this growth is centered in struggling, developing countries of the Global South, but cities in developed (or Global North) countries face increasingly complex challenges as well.

Around the world, unplanned urban expansion is multiplying slums, overburdening housing, transportation and infrastructure systems, stifling economic growth, and leaving millions vulnerable to new environmental and health threats.

To help manage and plan for this accelerating urbanization, the Rockefeller Foundation convened an exceptional group of urbanists--leading policy makers and government officials, finance experts, urban researchers, members of civil society organizations, and other innovators--for a Global Urban Summit at the Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Center. This book shares their diverse perspectives, creative approaches, and urgent agenda for harnessing the vast opportunities of urbanization for a better world.

Just as God used words both to create the world and to give us commandments, we too use words for many different purposes. In fact, we use the same language to talk to each other and to talk to God. Can our everyday speech, then, be just as important as the words and prayers we hear from the pulpit? Eugene Peterson unequivocally says "Yes!"

Tell It Slant explores how Jesus used language - he was earthy, not abstract; metaphorical, not dogmatic. His was not a direct language of information or instruction but an indirect, oblique language requiring a participating imagination - "slant" language. In order to witness and teach accurately in Jesus' name, then, it is important for us to use language the way he did.

Peterson's Tell It Slant promises to deepen our understanding of Jesus' words, strengthen our awareness of language as a gift of God, and nurture our efforts to make all of our speech convey a blessing to others.

EVENTS

This ground-breaking symposium has been organized to address the role of urban design in the face of one of the most profound and important challenges facing global society: the need to re-imagine and rethink how cities are designed and organized in a future without the plentiful and abundant oil upon which prosperous urban economies have been built.

The event marks the 50th Anniversary of the 1958 University of Pennsylvania/Rockefeller Foundation “Conference on Urban Design Criticism,” whose participants included Jane Jacobs, Louis Kahn, Kevin Lynch, Ian McHarg, Lewis Mumford, and I.M. Pei. That historic conference helped shape the new field of urban design in the 20th Century. Now, we hope you will participate in this critical exploration of new directions for 21st Century urban design.

The program speaks to the depth and diversity of the challenge with sessions on innovations in the way cities are conceived, adapted, designed, developed, and managed in a post-carbon world. The conference will conclude with a manifesto on educating the next generation of urban designers and how best to equip them for the road ahead.

Rebuilding and Renewing America: Infrastructure Choices in the Great Lakes Megaregion

Freight congestion, aging bridges, insufficient mass transit, brownouts, soaring energy costs, flooding, and polluted waters - all news in recent years, and all partially the results of continued strain on our nation's infrastructure. At the same time, the need for an economic stimulus is greater than ever. The presidential election in November 2008 gives us a fresh opportunity to set a new agenda for infrastructure investment in the Great Lakes megaregion to revive the flagging economy and to compete globally.

Longer letter later.

where I've beenwhere I'm going

So tell me, are we way past the point in the life-cycle of blogs where the reader, not having seen a new post in weeks, has decided it's not worth visiting the blog anymore?

I hope not. Then again, you're reading this so maybe I have some ground to stand on.

I've been away for quite a while, and have let the messages pile up on my cyber doorstep. I apologize to those who left their thoughts.

I changed jobs in June and moved cities to boot and that has been quite an adjustment. Add to that, the curse of "saying I will start a series" which, invariably, makes me stumble on posting regularly.


Where I've been

I've been working on physical plans at a much smaller, though just as interesting scale. I felt I needed to get back to my design roots and thought a stint in campus planning would satisfy that need.

But the move also shifted me slightly off my focus of livable cities, and though I kept up with the news - I was not as immersed in it which probably is one of the reasons for the dearth in posts.

Well, all that is about to change...


Where I'm going

Then, the Rockefeller Foundation called. We talked.

Here's more about them:

The work of the Rockefeller Foundation for the 21st Century is to enable 'smart globalization.' It attempts to harness the creative forces of globalization to ensure that the tools and technologies that have significantly improved the human condition in many parts of the world during the past half century are accessible today to more people, more fully, in more places.

The foundation focuses its work on five, interlocking issues and one of them is rapid urbanization.

What do they want to accomplish, particularly in my field? They want to address...

...the risks of accelerating urbanization - shaping efforts in planning, finance, infrastructure, and governance to manage a world in which, for the first time in history, more people live in urban communities than rural ones.

I liked the challenge they posed. They liked what they saw in me. They made an offer and I've accepted. I start work with them in November and will be serving as Associate Director for Urban Development and I'll be working on the challenges of urbanization worldwide.

Let me repeat that, to shake my own disbelief at how I've found a home for my passion.

I will be working to find solutions and shape efforts
in planning, finance, infrastructure, and governance
to manage a world in which, for the first time in history,
more people live in urban communities than rural ones.

Let me step back and say, "Wow!" Sorry. This is a defining moment for me.

And have I told you how they work?

• We seek and support work that sparks innovation, fresh approaches to problems and their resolutions.


• We work across and between disciplines, bridging the public, private, and nonprofit sectors.


• We bring diverse people and parties together and engage them in meaningful alliances.


• We search for and work with partners to leverage as many elements as possible to maximize opportunities for success.


• We work to strengthen individual, institutional, and community capacity — empowering more people in more places to build and maintain better lives and futures.


• We strive to stay nimble and agile. Almost all of our work is selected because the Foundation sees an opportunity to break a bottleneck, surface a new issue or reframe an old one, take advantage of a current or coming tipping point, or expand a proven solution in concert with others.


• The Foundation vigorously and regularly measures impact and outcomes. Our initiatives specify clear time frames, identify anticipated results, and require monitoring and evaluation. This does not mean that we expect to solve the world’s thorniest problems overnight. It does mean that Foundation-supported work defines hypotheses, articulates both short- and longer-term objectives, foresees and adapts to changing circumstances, and fully integrates verifiable methods of assessing progress.

Wow!

As they say in the old time world of Komiks, "Abangan ang susunod na kabanata."

car free streets

Yes, I know. I've been gone for too long.

Hold on. I've got some major news and updates coming up but meanwhile, be inspired by New York and San Francisco's own takes on car free days on major streets.

Tell me why we can't do this in our cities:








from Streetfilms.org